Guggulipid: elixir from ancient India

Guggulipid derived from Guggul resin, is a highly valued botanical medicine in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Gugulipid is one of the natural remedies known to Ayurveda for lowering blood cholesterol levels and triglycerides. A large body of evidence has established that this natural cholesterol lowering substance is safer and more effective than many cholesterol lowering drugs. Further, guggulipid has been traditionally used alone or combined with other herbs for the treatment of a variety of other ailments including rheumatism, arthritis, skin disease, pains in the nervous system, obesity and urinary disorders 

The classic Ayurvedic medicinal text (600 B.C.), the Sushruta samhita, describes in detail the usefulness of guggul resin/gum in the treatment of obesity and other disorders of fats, including “coating and obstruction of channels. Inspired by this ayurvedic text, an Indian scientist Dr. G.V Satyavati found a strong analogy between modern knowledge of atherosclerosis and the ancient concept of medoroga described by Sushruta. Dr. Satyavati’s studies on  guggulipid was first reported in 1996 in her doctoral thesis. A large body of evidence followed establishing the effectiveness of gugulipid in treating disorders of lipid metabolism-specifically its ability to lower cholesterol and triglycerides levels and promote weight loss. It was shown in human clinical trials using gugulipid, cholesterol levels typically dropped 14 to 27 percent in 4 to 12 week period while triglyceride levels dropped from 22 to 30 percent. Gugulipid is widely used in India as a lipid lowering medicine. 

 Guggulipid is derived from the mukul myrrh tree (Commiphora mukul) a small thorny tree native to Arabia and India. This Commiphora tree is common in northern India and is also infrequently found from northern Africa to central Asia. It prefers arid and semi-arid climates and can acclimate to poor soil. The mukul myrrh gives off a sticky resin, which is processed to obtain the extract. Several ketonic steroid compounds have been isolated from this resin. Two of the compounds, Z-guggulsterone and E-guggulsterone are primarily responsible for the lipid lowering activity. Guggulipid lowers very low -density (VLDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol while simultaneously elevating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol thus protecting the heart against heart disease. In addition to lowering lipid levels gugulipid prevents the development of atherosclerosis and aid in the regression of preexisting atherosclerotic plaques in animals. This implies that it may have similar effects in humans. Guggulipid prevent the heart from being damaged by free radical and improve the metabolism of the heart. The primary mechanism of cholesterol lowering action by gugulipid is the stimulation of liver metabolism of LDL cholesterol. Guggulsterone increases the uptake of LDL cholesterol from the blood by the liver. Another action of gugulipid is it ability to stimulate thyroid function. This thyroid stimulating effect may be responsible for some of gugulipid’s weight loss activity. Further, guggulsterone exhibits significant anti-inflammatory action in experimental model of inflammation. 

A standardized extract of gugulipid containing a minimum of 50 gm of guggulsterones per gram is regarded as the most beneficial in terms of safety and effectiveness. Clinical studies demonstrate that 25 milligrams of guggulsterone three times per day is an effective treatment for elevated cholesterol levels, elevated triglyceride levels or both. Regarding safety, in clinical studies gugulipid has not displayed any untoward side effects. It has been referenced that Guggulipid should not be taken by pregnant or nursing women. Guggulipid may have estrogen like effects and should not be taken by anyone with a history or family history of hormone related cancers, including prostrate, breast or ovarian cancer. In addition gugulipid may interact with anticoagulants, blood thinners, birth control pills and herbs that have estrogen like effects (such as black cohosh, licorice, soy and others).

Why nutritional or complementary medicine?

About 2,500 years ago, Hippocrates regarded food as a primary form of medicine, his famous dictum was “Let your food be your medicine and let your medicine be your food”. Diet has also been an integral element of Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine since their inception thousands of years ago. Unfortunately, today the importance of diet and overall nutrition is often overlooked by conventional medicine. Further very few physicians receive any education about nutrition during their medical training. Dr. Carolyn Dean, a nutritional medicine doctor from the United States says that “doctors generally do not learn about nutrition or nutrient supplementation in medical school because they are studying the disease, not wellness”. To make things worse, pharmaceutical companies are only interested in patentable drugs and not natural therapies that provide little profit. Thus sadly, the average doctor today despite having taken the Hippocratic oath still rejects the Hippocrates dictum. 

Mainstream medicine’s common advice to us is often that nutrients have no inherent power to treat or prevent disease and that we don’t need to make a special effort to obtain these substances for our bodies. Our body is built using nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids and essential fatty acids. Would it not be but natural that these elements could heal the body as well? Complementary or nutritional medicine precisely takes this point into consideration. Nutritional medicine involves the use of a diet of healthy foods matched to patient’s biochemical individuality along with the proper and correct use of nutrient supplements to help maintain optimal physical and psychological health. While a shift to a healthier diet can improve health in itself, it is important to take nutritional supplementation. Our soil is routinely depleted of nutrients due to a variety of reasons. Modern agricultural practices such as using inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, over farming and acid rains cause the soil to be depleted of vital nutrients. Iodine deficient soils lead to goiter epidemic, zinc deficient soil lead to stunted growth and poor immune system, selenium deficient soil leads to premature aging. 

Dr. Robert Atkins a champion of complementary and nutritional therapy states several interesting case studies. One of Dr. Atkins patient, eleven year old Marie Speller was diagnosed with juvenile diabetes. Main stream doctors in such a case are traditionally taught that juvenile diabetes carries with it a life long sentence of requiring insulin. However Dr. Atkins treated Marie with calcium AEP along with other supplements and restored her to normal health within six months of therapy. Calcium AEP supplement given during the first year of illness of juvenile diabetes often reverses the disease completely wherein the patient no longer has to take insulin. To give another example, heart disease, the number one killer, arises in large part from atherosclerosis. Conventional medicine identifies cholesterol as a culprit and very often patient are put on cholesterol lowering drugs. These drugs do lower the cholesterol content but they also lower a vital nutrient called co-enzyme Q10. As a result many of these patients die sooner from causes other than heart disease if they take these medications than if they aren’t treated at all. However nothing is more effective in lowering cholesterol than pantethine, a derivative of the B-complex nutrient pantothenic acid. Pantethine has been shown in several case studies to lower triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol while increasing the good cholesterol HDL. But one would seldom find any information about pantethine in a standard cardiovascular text books. 

In conclusion nutrients are enablers in that they give the body a chance to do what it needs to do by facilitating a natural physiological process, thus causing the body to function better. Usually the impact isn’t immediate as nutrients perform best over the long term. In contrast, drugs are helpful in controlling acute situations but become problematic when used long term as drugs are disablers or blocking agents. Drugs work by preventing a normal process from taking place, usually an enzyme performing a vital function. For drugs to work there must be a disease, only in this diseased condition can one hope to benefit from blocking an essential life function.

“Thinc zinc” to protect your body

Zinc is one of the most critical minerals required for the proper functioning of the body. Zinc is a cofactor for over 300 different known bio-enzymes and an important structural constituent for many proteins in the body. Zinc promotes a healthy immune system, healing of wounds and allows acuity of taste and smell. It protects the liver from chemical damage and is important for bone formation. Zinc supports normal growth during pregnancy, childhood and adolescence. Thus it is of no wonder many a disease conditions can be either cured or prevented by zinc supplementation. Cancer forms more easily when zinc levels are low. Zinc stimulates the production of white blood cells, a part of the immune system that fights cancer. Zinc lozenges have been reported to be effective in relieving symptoms of the common cold and reducing the duration of colds from seven to four days. 

Zinc’s most valuable medical contribution is its ability to balance blood sugar. Zinc assists the pancreas in manufacturing insulin and protects the gates of the cell membrane that allow the hormone to enter. In people who have diabetes zinc also helps lower cholesterol. Zinc is fundamental to the sexual and reproductive health to both genders, it boosts libido, helps in testosterone production, protects the prostate gland against enlargement, increase sperm count and motility, helps during PMS, prevents abortions and delivery problems. As a first aid treatment for any wound or skin irritation, bottle of calamine lotion (that contains zinc) is the first option used as zinc promotes protein synthesis thus wound healing. Zinc supplementation is a must before and after any surgical procedure. Zinc plays a crucial role in treating many neurological illnesses such as schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, attention deficit disorder and clinical depression. Antioxidants are crucial to maintaining sight and protection of eye tissue. Zinc in form of zinc monomethionine acts as an antioxidant. Zinc deficiency is one of the causes of blindness, macular degeneration. Zinc is also helpful in treating and preventing cataracts. 

A deficiency in zinc may result by excess perspiration, consumption of hard water, and consumption of high fiber that causes zinc to be excreted out. Conditions such as diarrhea, diabetes, kidney disease and liver cirrhosis also deplete the body’s reserve of zinc. So could you be deficient in zinc? Here are a list of symptoms of zinc deficiency to look for- 

· Acne 

· Finger nails thin and develop white spots 

· Hair loss 

· Impaired night vision 

· Impotence 

· Loss of the sense of taste and smell 

· Recurrent colds and flu 

· Slow wound healing 

· Susceptibility to infections 

How does one find out if you are zinc deficient? A typical blood test does not give an accurate measure of the zinc content in the body. But a simple taste test that anyone can perform at home is the best way to determine zinc deficiency. The test is based on the fact that our sense of taste depends on zinc. A solution of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, a widely available liquid supplement of zinc, is needed for this test. The test involves simply swishing the liquid around in the mouth, if you immediately notice a bitter taste you don’t have a deficiency, if however there is a delayed recognition of the taste you are deficient in zinc. 

Supplements of zinc are available as zinc salts of - zinc monomethionine, zinc picolinate, zinc aspartate, zinc orotate, zinc chelate. Zinc is very safe to use although you must be aware of certain caveats. Zinc competes with other minerals for absorption (copper, manganese and iron). For optimum health a proper 1-to-10 balance between copper and zinc levels in the body should be maintained. Therefore, do not take more than 200 mg of zinc daily as it may contribute to deficiencies of other minerals. Consult a doctor knowledgeable in nutritional medicine to treat any of the medical conditions mentioned above.

Bee products

Bee products are well known in traditional medicine and has a long history of use. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) maes various bee products from plants, flower nectar and pollen. The bee products known to have medicinal value are pollen, propolis and royal jelly. 

Bee pollen:

Bee pollen is collected by the bees as a nutrient harvest for the hive. Bee pollen is a nutrient rich complete food and a source of protein, vitamins, minerals, saccharides and fatty acid. It is also a good source of Rutin a bioflavonoid that helps strengthens capillaries and treat glaucoma. 

Effective for: 

• Benign enlargement of the prostrate 
• Disorders of glands 
• Prostatitis 

Bee propolis:

Propolis is a plant substance modified by the bees. It is a sticky substance that the bees manufacture by mixing their own waxes with resinous sap obtained from tree bark and leaf buds and used as a sealant and sterilant for the bee nests. Propolis is recognized to have a wide range of biological activities such as anti-bacterial anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, hepato-protective and tumoricidal activities. 

Effective for: 

• Herpes 
• Periodontal disease, 
• Suppression of tumor growth 
• Ulcers 
• Upper respiratory infections 
• Wound healing on the gums 

Royal jelly:

Royal jelly is a viscous substance secreted by the glands of worker bees as an essential food for the queen bee larva and the queen herself. Royal jelly is a concentrated source of nutrient including proteins, free amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and a large number of bioactive substances. 

Effective for: 

• Anti tumor activities 
• Boost energy 
• Increase nutrient absorption 
• Strengthens immune system 
• Strengthens the adrenal glands 
• Vasodilator/hypotensive 

Supplements: 

Bee pollen is available as granules. Best possible way to use bee propolis is alcohol tinctures. For royal jelly do not buy free-dried or mixtures laden with honey or sweetners. 

Recommended Dose:

• Bee pollen 1 teaspoon of granules every morning 
• Bee propolis ½ dropperful of tincture in water or tea, 2 dropperful for respiratory infections. 
• Royal jelly ¼ teaspoon per day taken on an empty stomach 

Side effects and precautions: 

People allergic to pollen should not use Bee pollen.

Co-enzyme Q10: the energy producer

Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10), the most vital nutrient of all perhaps does not get as much publicity as the vitamins but without which the body will cease to function. CoQ10 is universally present in our body so much so that in scientific terminology it is called “ubiquinone” meaning present everywhere! CoQ10 is neither a vitamin, nor a mineral nor an amino acid (protein building block), yet it is absolutely essential for the production of energy in every cell of our body. 95% of the body’s energy is generated using CoQ10. CoQ10 is a fat-soluble antioxidant. Far beyond its energy producing abilities CoQ10 slows down aging process, enhances immune function, protects the body from destructive free radicals, extremely important to preventing and treating heart disease, diabetes, periodontal gum disease, high blood pressure, obesity and cancer. 

Heart is an organ with high-energy demand, as a result it contains twice as much of CoQ10 as any other organ in the body. CoQ10 is thus very important for the proper functioning of the heart. People with heart disease have about 25% less CoQ10 compared to a healthy individual. If the deficiency reaches a 75%, it is postulated that the heart can stop beating altogether. Many cardiovascular aliments benefit with CoQ10 supplementation. When administered following a coronary bypass surgery, CoQ10 reduces recovery time. CoQ10 given to people suffering from heart failure improves pulmonary function, edema, and heart palpitations. Cardiomyopathy is the most life threatening of all heart conditions and one of the reasons people undergo heart transplant. A generous dose of CoQ10 is extremely helpful in treating cardiomyopathies. 

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease. Clinical studies have shown that CoQ10 can significantly lower blood pressure. Thus people with low blood pressure should exercise caution while taking CoQ10. Further, CoQ10 is an antioxidant that helps prevent the oxidation of LDL. Oxidation of LDL is responsible for clogging arteries leading to atherosclerosis. Moreover, hardening of the arteries due to diabetes complication is also prevented with CoQ10. One of the major side effects of cholesterol lowering drugs and beta blockers (blood pressure lowering drugs) is that it inhibits the body’s natural ability to make CoQ10. CoQ10 is also an excellent fatigue fighter. It is valuable for athletes such as marathon runners and triathlon participants. Because CoQ10 strengthens the immune system, it help fights the chronic fatigue syndrome. CoQ10 is one of the complementary medicinal approaches for cancer therapy. CoQ10 does not work by directly attacking a tumor but rather by revitalizing the immune system. 

Our body does have the ability to manufacture CoQ10 but as we age it may not be produced in adequate quantities for treating variety of aliments mentioned. The body’s peak production of CoQ10 peaks at age twenty and starts to decline by 60% by the time one is eighty years old. The body produces very little quantity of CoQ10 especially after the age of forty. Further, a diet low in fat hinders the absorption of CoQ10. Consuming a diet in good fats (omega 3) improves the body’s absorption of CoQ10 while the body own production depends on the presence of optimal amounts of vitamin B complex. Thus deficiencies of CoQ10 are quite common. One of the best sources of natural CoQ10 are organ meats such as heart, kidney and other red meats, nuts and unprocessed vegetable oils. An optimal amount can be given to the body as it ages by taking CoQ10 as a nutritional supplement on a daily basis. Finally, very few side effects have been reported on taking oral CoQ10 and when they occur they are usually mild and last for a short time. Possible side effects include headaches, nausea, upset stomach, decreased appetite and rashes.

Barley and wheat grass juice

Fresh grass of grains such as wheat, barley and kamut are extraordinarily high in vitamins, minerals, cholorophyll, amino acids and other nutrients. As the grains grow their carbohydrate counts increase and the nutrient concentration declines. When these grains are harvested, milled, processed and packaged they hold little nutritional value. Wheatgrass is prepared from the cotyledon of the common wheat plant and contains no gluten. Even people who are sensitive to wheat can consume these products because the proteins that might trigger allergic reactions have not yet formed in the young grasses. Barley on the other hand is a member of the grass family and is a major cereal grain. 

Effective for: 

Cancer fighting 

Strengthens immune system 

Supplements: 

Barley and wheat grass are available in health stores as fresh produce, tablets, frozen juice and powder. 

Recommended Dose: 

Once a day.

Side effects and precautions: 

Barley and wheatgrass are safe to use.

Spirulina

Spirulina is a blue-green algae that grow in warm fresh water bodies. This nutrient rich algae has been used as a food source in the ancient Aztec civilization and 9th century Chad in central Africa. Dried Spirulna contains about 60% protein. It is a complete protein containing all essential amino acids. 

Effective for: 

• Allergic rhinitis 
• Cancer management 
• Candida overgrowth 
• Detoxification of body: Arsenic poisoning 
• Enhances immune function 

Supplements: 

Spirulina is available as a dietary supplement in the form of a tablet, dried powder or flakes. It is also available as whole food in form of dried cakes to be used in broths and soups. 

Recommended Dose: 

• 3-5 gm per day 
• 6-9 tablets per day 

Side effects and precautions: 

• Toxicological studies of the effects of Spirulina consumption show no toxic effects. 
• Quality control is essential while buying Spirulina as it could be contaminated with other species of blue green algae that are toxic.

Chlorella

Chlorella is a single cell alga that is loaded with nutrients including vitamin B, magnesium, organic iron and other trace elements. Many strict vegetarians rely on Chlorella and other seaweed and algae for protein and vitamin B. Chlorella contains more pantothenic acid than any other natural source. Chlorella also has high concentration of chlorophyll which has remarkable cleansing properties for body detoxification. 

Effective for: 

• Colitis 
• Crohn’s disease 
• Detoxification of heavy metals 
• Diverticulosis 
• Facial cleanser 
• Reducing high cholesterol 
• Ulcers 

Supplements: 

Chlorella supplement is available in health food stores either as powder or tablets. 

Recommended Dose: 

• For general health ½ teaspoon of chlorella per day 
• For high cholesterol 5 gm daily for three months 
• For other conditions mentioned above 1-2 teaspoons daily 

Side effects and precautions: 

Chlorella is mostly safe to use. The most common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, gas, green discoloration of the stool and stomach cramping especially in the first week of use.

Blood sugar buster: Gymnema sylvestre

Herbal medicine may seem strange to many who are grounded in western medical practices but the interesting fact is that 30% of modern drugs are derived from a plant source! Further herbal medicine is free of many side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Not so strange after all. One such herb long known to Ayurvedic medicine is Gymnema sylvestre, a woody climbing shrub native to the tropical forests of southern India and Sri Lanka. Other names of this plant are in Sanskrit: Meshashringi, madhunashini, Hindi: Gur-mar, mersingi, Marathi: Kavali, kalikardori, vakundi, Gujrathi: Dhuleti, mardashingi, Telugu: Padapatri, Tamil: Adigam, cherukurinja, Kannada: Sannagerasehambu. Gymnema sylvestre has been used as an Ayurvedic medicine to treat diabetes for nearly two millennia. The leaves of this plant are used for medicinal purposes. Today Gymnema sylvestre has become increasingly popular in the United States as a supportive treatment for diabetes and obesity. The U.S National Institutes of Health (NIH) states that use of Gymnema sylvestre is backed by scientific evidence showing that it helps control blood sugar levels in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (when used in conjunction with insulin and other medications as prescribed by a doctor). An interesting report in particular proves this out. Twenty-two type-2 diabetics taking conventional oral diabetes medication were also given 400 mg of Gymnema a day for 18 to 20 months. At the end of the study period, 16 of the 22 participants were able to reduce their medications, while five stopped using them altogether. This means that the herb not only reduced the amount of medication needed, but in nearly 25 percent of the people, completed negated the need for the drug at all. 

The major active constituent of Gymnema slyvestre is a group of compounds called gymnemic acids. Gymnema sylvestre works by suppressing cravings and balancing blood sugar levels. The active component gymnemic acid is molecularly similar to glucose therefore theorized to compete with glucose molecules to bind glucose receptors in the intestine. Just chewing the leaves of plants inhibits the sweet taste sensation. After taking Gymnema sylvestre, putting a pinch of sugar granules on the tongue feels like putting sand in your mouth; and chocolate tastes like putty! So for someone who feels they are 'addicted' to sugar carrying a bottle of Gymnema drops around would certainly strengthen resolve not to eat sweet - or, to some extent, fatty - foods, as they the pleasure of the sweetness will have just vanished. This fact is highlighted in a research study published in the Journal Physiology & Behavior tested the effects of Gymnema sylvestre on fasting patients who were of normal weight. It was observed that those who were given Gymnema sylvestre one hour before being offered snack foods ate less food and fewer sweet foods than patients who had not consumed Gymnema sylvestre. Thus the bottom line is that Gymnema sylvestre helps to curb your desire for sweets, blocks the absorption of sugar, and helps balance blood glucose levels. The other benefits of Gymnema sylvestre include a weight loss aid, anti inflammatory, diuretic, laxative and circulatory system stimulant. 

Gymnema Sylvestre is used in many ayurvedic formulations such as in Diabecon or Meshashringi manufactured by the Himalayan drug company for diabetes. When buying Gymnema Sylvestre supplement be sure the product contains 25% gymnemic acid for reaping its maximum therapeutic potential. If you choose to give it a try, the recommended dosage of Gymnema sylvestre is one 100 mg capsule taken three to four times daily. Finally, Gymnema Sylvestre is safe for most people but precautions must be taken by pregnant or lactating mothers, people with milkweed allergies, people taking anti diabetic medications and prescription antidepressant. And, as always, consult with your doctor before experimenting with any new herbs or supplements.

Sea cucumber

Sea cucumber is a marine animal, a relative of starfish and is found in the waters of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. The Chinese have known of its therapeutic value for thousands of years. Researchers believe that sea cucumbers improve the balance of prostaglandins which regulate the inflammatory process. Sea cucumbers contain substance known as mucopolysaccharides and chondroitins which are often lacking in people with arthritis. Sea cucumber is one of the most useful treatments for arthritis available. In Australia the sea cucumber was designated as an official arthritis treatment in 1992. In addition, sea cucumber provide vitamin A, B-1, B-2, B-3 and C as well as the minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium and Zinc 

Effective for: 

• Anti inflammatory 
• Arthritis 
• Relieves joint aches and stiffness 

Supplements: 

Sea cucumber extract is available as a dietary supplement. 

Recommended Dose: 

For arthritis 500 mg three to four times per day, tapering the dosage to two times a day once the effects are noticed. 

Side effects and precautions: 

Sea cucumber supplements do not have any reported side effects except for the possibility of allergic reaction in people allergic to seafood.

Chondroitin sulfate

Chondroitin sulfate is naturally occurring substance in the body. Chondroitin sulfate is used to form special structural chemicals called proteoglycans which are a major component of cartilage that is around joints in the body. Chemically chondroitins belong to a group of substances classified as glcosaminoglycans that are complex type of carbohydrate molecules. Apart from cartilage re-formation, Chondroitins offer a wide variety of benefits such anti-inflammatory effects and activity against heart disease. 

Effective for: 

• Improves circulation 
• Lowers cholesterol 
• Osteoarthritis 
• Prevents plaque formation in arteries 
• Reduces blood clotting 
• Wound healing 

Supplements: 

Chondroitin sulfate supplements are usually taken with glucosamine sulfate supplements to provide lubrication and support for joints. 

Recommended Dose: 

For arthritis or blood lipid imbalances 250 mg-1gm per day 

Side effects and precautions: 

Chondroitin sulfate is mostly safe for most people. It can cause some mild stomach pain and nausea. 

Glucosamine

Glucosamine sulfate is a naturally occurring chemical found in the human body. It is in the fluid that is around joints. Glucosamine sulfate provides building blocks for new cartilage, a protective joint padding. Healthy joints make their own glucosamine but when the production of this nutrient falter joints begin to lose cartilage, and arthritis sets in. Glucosamine sulfate is the most favored choice in complementary medicine for treatment of osteoarthritis. Glucosamine’s relief and rejuvenation is not immediate but takes a few weeks to six months for any noticeable change. 

Effective for: 

• Arthritic pain 
• Osteoarthritis 

Supplements: 

Different formulations of glucosamine are available commercially some of which are: Glucosamine hydrochlorie, N-acetyl glucosamine 

Recommended Dose: 

500 mg three times a day 

Side effects and precautions: 

Glucosamine sulfate is safe except for some minor digestive upset, it is free of side effects as well.

NADH

A biochemical compound known as NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) plays an essential role in production of energy in the body. NAD is in its oxidized form serves as a vehicle for every energy reaction taking place in a cell. In its reduced form called NADH or coezyme 1 it delivers energy to biochemical reactions. Thus NADH is an energy giving nutrient. NADH protects the cells power house known as the mitochondria. NADH is found naturally in the heart and brain but the body can manufacture it from niacinamide, but aging and disease slow the conversion. 

Effective for: 

• Alzheimer’s disease 
• Chronic fatigue 
• Depression 
• Energy enhancement 
• Heart disease 
• Parkinson’s disease 

Supplements: 

Best source for obtaining NADH is a complementary physician. 

Recommended Dose: 

Precise dosage must be individualized because each person will react differently 

Side effects and precautions: 

Too much NADH may prevent one from falling asleep, thus should be taken first thing in the morning before eating anything. It should not be taken along with a meal as the digestive juices will break down the coating.

Trimethylglycine (Betaine)

Trimethylglycine also known as betaine is a nutrient that operates along a pathway similar to that of vitamin B12. Betaine is not required in the diet because the body can manufacture it from other nutrients. Grains, nuts, seeds, and meats contain small amounts of Betaine. However, most betaine in food is destroyed during cooking or processing, so food isn't a reliable way to get a therapeutic dosage. Research has shown that betaine is an important nutrient for cardiovascular health as it promotes healthy levels of homocysteine (a toxic amino acid and a risk factor for heart disease). On the other hand betaine could have adverse effects of the cholesterol profile Betaine is also used as a digestive aid. Betaine available as betaine hydrochloride, is useful for people who lack a sufficient amount of stomach acids. 

Effective for: 

• Cardiovascular health 
• Digestive aid 
• Reduces levels of homocysteine 

Supplements: 

Betaine is available is available commercially as a nutritional supplement. 

Recommended Dose: 

125 mg three to four times a day 

Side effects and precautions: 

Betaine could have the potential of having adverse effects on blood cholesterol profile.

Dimethylglycine (DMG)

Dimethylglycine (DMG) is a derivative of the amino acid glycine. It is also a byproduct of the metabolism of amino acid choline. When DMG was discovered, it was mistakenly called vitamin B15. DMG is an energy booster the effect of which last for a day. DMG has been suggested to use as an athletic performance enhancer, immunostimulant, epilepsy, autism and mitochondrial disease. DMG is also thought to improve the body use of oxygen. Published research of DMG is scarce. 

Effective for: 

• Antioxidant action 
• Athletic endurance 
• Autism therapy: lengthens attention span, improves mood 
• Fatigue 
• Reduces epileptic seizures 
• Strengthens immune function 

Supplements: 

Dimethylglycine is available as 125 mg tablet that is taken by placing under the tongue. 

Recommended Dose: 

• For immune function: 120 mg daily 
• For seizures 180 mg daily 

Side effects and precautions: 

Dimethylglycine might be safe to use short-term, up to 28 days. The safety of long term use is unknown.

Octacosanol

Octacosanol is a chemical extracted from wheat germ oil. It is chemically similar to vitamin E. Octacosanol is a potent nerve and brain nutrient. Dr. Carlton Fredericks, demonstrated the amazing value of this nutrient as it helped dozens of people emerge from comas with tube feedings of octacosanol. Additionally supplements of wheat germ oil can increase an athlete’s endurance and oxygen consumption at a high altitude. 

Effective for: 

• Degenerative neurological diseases 
• Fatigue 
• Lou Gehrigs disease (ALS) 
• Multiple sclerosis 
• Muscular dystrophy 
• Parkinson’s disease 

Supplements: 

Therapeutically a natural extract of wheat germ oil works better than synthetic octacosanol. 

Recommended Dose: 

40-80 mg per day 

Side effects and precautions: 

Octacosanol interacts with Levodopa/Carbidopa drugs that are used n Parkinson’s disease.

Gamma-oryzanol

Gamma-oryzanol is a chemical extracted from rice bran oil. The use of this supplement is widespread in Japan due to the large amount of research done by Japanese scientist. 

Effective for: 

• Depression 
• Gastritis 
• Gastrointestinal problems 
• High cholesterol 
• Irritable bowel syndrome 
• Menopausal symptoms 
• Muscle building 
• Prostrate disorders 
• Ulcers 

Supplements: 

Available commercially in form of capsules. 

Recommended Dose: 

• For gastrointestinal disease and cholesterol disturbances 450-600 mg per day 
• For menopause and other conditions 150-450 mg per day 

Side effects and precautions: 

Gamma-oryzanol is safe to use.

Creatine

Creatine (creatine monohydrate) is a compound produced by metabolic processes in the body. Creatine is the major substrate for phosphocreatine, which fuels muscle contraction. Creatine is particularly popular with athletes as it can increase both endurance and strength of muscles. Most of us carry 120-140 gm of creatine in our muscles, but the nutrient is not essential to our diet. Vegetarians take in essentially no creatine from their diet yet they are rarely deficient. The body manufactures creatine from dietary amino acids- arginine, glycine and methionine.

Effective for: 

• Athletic performance enhancer 
• Heart rhythm disturbances 

Supplements: 

Available commercially in a powered form sold at health food stores. 

Recommended Dose: 

• Effective dosage is 20 gm per day.

Calcium AEP (Colamine Phosphate)

An important point to be noted is that calcium AEP is not the average calcium supplement but a compound of calcium. Calcium AEP is a calcium salt of 2-aminoethanol phosphate also known as colamine phosphate. Calcium AEP is called as the membrane integrity factor responsible for transporting essentials minerals to the cell membrane and inside the cell as well. In addition it helps maintain and restore a normal electric cell potential between both sides of the cell membrane. Calcium AEP has tremendous therapeutic benefits especially for a variety of auto immune disorders. 

Effective for: 

• Cancer 
• Colitis 
• Diabetes Type I 
• Gastritis 
• Lupus 
• Multiple sclerosis 
• Pulmonary fibrosis 
• Rheumatoid arthritis 
• Scleroderma 

Supplements: 

Calcium AEP best works when injected intravenously and never intramuscularly. Consult a nutritional or complementary medicine doctor/physician who is familiar with it. 

Recommended Dose: 

• 400 mg three times a week 

Side effects and precautions: 

Calcium AEP has not been well studied in clinical trials. Therefore data is not available on side effects. Most of the studies using calcium AEP was done by Hans Nieper, MD in 1966-68.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a natural curative. DMSO is also an antioxidant and an anti inflammatory compound. DMSO is an skin penetrant thus very absorbent, it will draw anything that is on the skin and hands into the bloodstream. DMSO promotes wound healing, eases pain, prevents cell degradation and ameliorates symptoms of many autoimmune conditions. 

Effective for: 

• Interstitial cystitis 
• Pain relief 
• Scleroderma 
• Sprained ankles 
• Ulcers 

Supplements: 

The quality of DMSO widely varies. A pharmaceutical grade brand that is between 50-70% pure DMSO is recommended 

Side effects and precautions: 

• To be used only under the supervision of a health care practitioner. 
• Wash hands and akin surface where DMSO has to be applied thoroughly before applying.

Phosphatidyl serine

Phosphatidyl serine (PS) is one of the most effective nutrients for the brain. The brain contains high amount of essential fatty acids and phospholipids and one of which is PS. PS helps maximize nerve transmission between brain cells. A dozen of studies show that PS supplement boosts brain power, mood, and learning ability, with the most pronounced benefits seem among older people. 

Effective for: 

• Seasonal depression 
• Parkinson’s disease 
• Alzheimer’s disease 
• Stress damage 
• Liver protection 
• Exercise recovery 

Supplements: 

PS is available commercially in the form of capsules. Since PS is a brain energizer do not take at night, it is best taken before breakfast. PS should be taken along with some antioxidant support such as vitamin E, vitamin C and selenium for better results. 

Recommended Dose: 

• For general health: 100 mg a day 
• Therapeutic dose: 3-500 mg a day 

Side effects and precautions: 

• PS is very safe and has no side effects.

Alpha-lipoic acid

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a powerful anti-oxidant and is naturally produced in the human body. The power of ALA comes from it's multiple capabilities. It is not only an universal anti-oxidant but also a protector of other water-soluble and fat-soluble anti-oxidants including Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Glutathione and Coenzyme Q10. ALA is recognized as the key nutritional supplement in the prevention and therapy of many chronic degenerative conditions including diabetes, obesity, heart disease, premature aging and cancer. ALA encourages the body to convert food into energy efficiently, thus helping to preventing fat deposition on the body. It is a powerful protector of the liver, where it fends off alcohol’s toxic effect. It is also useful as a chelating (binding) agent, helping to rid the body of excess copper. 

Effective for: 

• Alzheimer’s disease 
• Cancer 
• Cataract prevention 
• Diabetes (Type I and Type II) 
• Diabetic neuropathy 
• HIV infection 
• Obesity 
• Protection of liver 

Supplements: 

Available commercially in the form of capsules. 

Recommended Dose: 

• For general health: 100-300 mg a day along with vitamin B1 is beneficial. 
• For obesity: 300-600 mg a day 

Side effects and precautions: 

• Except for rare skin reactions ALA has no adverse effects and no drug interactions. 
• People with diabetes may need to take ALA under medical supervision as the use of ALA will reduce their dependence on insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs. 

Co-enzyme Q10

Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is the most vital nutrient of all and it is neither a vitamin, nor a mineral nor an amino acid (protein building block). CoQ10 is a fat-soluble antioxidant, present everywhere in the body. CoQ10 is absolutely essential for the production of energy in every cell of the body. 95% of the body’s energy is generated using CoQ10. Further, CoQ10 slows down aging process, enhances immune function, protects the body from destructive free radicals, extremely important to preventing and treating heart disease, diabetes, periodontal gum disease, high blood pressure, obesity and cancer. Many cardiovascular aliments benefit with CoQ10 supplementation. When administered following a coronary bypass surgery, CoQ10 reduces recovery time. CoQ10 given to people suffering from heart failure improves pulmonary function, edema, and heart palpitations. A generous dose of CoQ10 is extremely helpful in treating cardiomyopathies. 

Effective for: 

• Anti aging 
• Cancer 
• Cardiomyopathies 
• Cardiovascular health 
• Diabetes 
• Fatigue 
• High blood pressure 
• Obesity 
• Periodontal gum disease 
• Strengthens immune system 

Supplements: 

Food contains only trace amount of CoQ10. Studies suggest that much of the commercially available CoQ10 Is poorly absorbed by the body. Absorption efficiency is increased with the consumption of omega 3. Products labeled “hydrosoluble” claim to achieve better absorption. 

Recommended Dose: 

• Therapeutic dose: 90 mg a day 
• For cancer protection: 200-400 mg a day 

Side effects and precautions: 

• Very few side effects have been reported on taking oral CoQ10 and when they occur they are usually mild and last for a short time. 
• Possible side effects include headaches, nausea, upset stomach, decreased appetite and rashes.

Pau D'Arco

The pau d’ arco tree is a native to tropical South America. It is the reddish bark of this tree known for it therapeutic benefits. The dried inner bark of Pau d’Arco can be used as a tea. The active ingredients in the bark is mainly lapachol, quercetin and other flavonoids. 

Effective for: 

• Anti bacterial 
• Anti cancer 
• Anti fungal 
• Anti inflammatory 
• Anti parasitic 
• Anti viral 

Supplements: 

Pau d’arco is sold as tablets, dried bark tea and tincture. The chemical that give pau d’arco its medicinal effect do not dissolve well in water. 

Recommended Dose: 

The appropriate dose of pau d’arco depends on several factors such as the user’s age, health, and several other conditions 

Side effects and precautions: 

• Large doses of pau d’arco can be toxic. The risk of side effects seems to be greater when the dose of lapachol is more than 1.5 g per day. 
• Do not give pau d’arco to infants or children. 
• Pregnant and nursing women should not take pau d’arco.

Medicinal mushrooms

Medicinal mushrooms have been long used in Japan and China  to help build stamina, strengthen the immune system and promote general health. Research has indicated that medicinal mushrooms seem to have anti bacterial, anti viral properties, anti inflammatory and liver protecting properties. Four mushrooms variety warrant special attention- Shiitake, Reishi, Maitake and PSK. 

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes): 

Shiitake is widely used in many Asian cuisines. The active ingredient of Shiitake mushrooms is lentinan that is used as an intravenous anti-cancer drug with antitumor properties. Clinical studies have associated lentinan with a higher survival rate, higher quality of live and lower recurrence of cancer. 

Reishi (Granoderma reishi): 

Traditional and Modern Chinese Medicine use reishi to improve vitality, strength and stamina and prolong life. The use of reishi mushroom enhances immune response, alleviates chemotherapy side effects such as nausea and kidney damage and protects cellular DNA by raising antioxidant capacity. Reishi also helps treat allergies, fight tumors, control blot clotting and high blood pressure. 

Maitake (Grifola frondosa): 

Maitake is used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine to enhance the immune system. Studies have shown that it can enhance both the innate immune response to fight infections and the adaptive immune response conferring long term immune enhancement. The active ingredient of Maitake is called the “D fraction” and thought to prevent the spread of malignant tumors. 

PSK (Coriolus versicolor): 

This is one of the most well researched medicinal mushroom in the world. Polysacchride K (PSK) is an immunotherapeutic agent that is a biological response modifier, thus it stimulates the body’s immune function. PSK is routinely used in Japan for postoperative treatments. PSK is also thought to stop tumor growth. Some studies show that it can enhance the effects of chemotherapy and reduce the side effects of radiation therapy.

Mistletoe

Mistletoe is an evergreen parasitic plant that grows on other trees and are native to Europe and northern Asia. Mistletoe contains a variety of pharmacologically active substance including alkaloids, polysaccharides, phenylpropanes, liganes, lectins and viscotoxins that are poisonous. Poisoning can occur is any part of the plant is ingested. Mistletoe’s most established use for health benefits is fortifying the immune system. 

Effective for: 

• Cancer 
• High blood pressure 
• Immune system enhancement 
• Impaired thymus gland activity 

Supplements: 

Mistletoe comes in several varieties. Although mistletoe can be taken orally it requires considerable experience by a practitioner to use it effectively, The injectable form of mistletoe is the most effective. 

Side effects and precautions: 

Mistletoe possesses significant toxicity. Ingesting any part of the plant can cause poisoning.

Astragalus

Astragalus is a large genus of about 3000 species of herbs that belong to the legume family Fabaceae. Two related species Astragalus membranaceus and Astragalus mongholicus are the ones primarily used for health purposes. It is commonly called milk-vetch, locoweed and goat’s-thorn. Astragalus is known as an adaptogen meaning it is thought to help protect the body against various stresses including physical, mental or emotional stress. Astragalus has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. 

Effective for: 

• Infection protection 
• Strengthen immune system 
• High blood pressure 
• Sperm motility 

Supplements: 

Astragalus root may be available in tinctures and capsules. Tincture of astragalus is most effective. 

Recommended Dose: 

Tincture: 1 to 2 drops in a glass of water 

Side effects and precautions: 

• Astragalus is generally safe to use but some species of Astragalus may be toxic. 
• Astragalus may interact with drugs that suppress the immune system.

Tea tree oil

The tea tree is a small tree native to only one area of the world: the northeast coastal region of Australia. The leaves portion of the plant is used medicinal purposes and are a source of a valuable therapeutic oil. Tea tree oil possesses significant antiseptic properties and is regarded as an ideal skin disinfectant. 

Effective for: 

• Acne 
• Athlete’s foot 
• Cold sores 
• Fungal nail infections 
• Topical antiseptic 
• Vaginal infections 

Supplements: 

Available as an oil. 

Recommended Dose: 

1-2 drops for topical applications 

Side effects and precautions: 

Tea tree oil is extremely safe for us as a topical antiseptic. However, the oral ingestion of tea tree oil cannot be recommended.

Oil of oregano

Oil of oregano is extracted from the oregano herb and is a potent anti fugal and anti viral agent. Medicinal oregano grows wild in the mountainous regions of Greece and Turkey. Oil of Oregano has become popular of recent as an alternative to prescription antibiotics. Two antioxidants in oregano, thymol and carvacrol probably account for its infection fighting ability. 

Effective for: 

• Ant bacterial 
• Anti fungal 
• Anti viral 
• Common cold 
• Toothache 

Supplements: 

Available in form of oil 

Recommended Dose: 

2-4 drops of oil 

Side effects and precautions: 

Oil of oregano should not be taken by pregnant women.

Olive leaf

Olive leaf is the leaf of the olive tree. While olive oil is well known for its flavor and health benefits, the leaf has been used for medicinal purpose for a long time. In the early 1900’s doctors used olive leaf as a remedy for malaria. The active ingredient of olive leaf is calcium enolate which is an effective killer of many types of bacteria and virus. 

Effective for: 

• Epstein-Barr virus 
• Gonorrhea 
• Hepatitis B 
• Herpes 
• Influenza 
• Pneumonia 
• Shingles 
• Surgical infections 
• Tuberculosis 
• Urinary tract infections 
• Viral encephalitis 
• Viral meningitis 
• Yeast infection 

Supplements: 

Olive leaf extract available in capsules or a liquid form. 

Recommended Dose: 

For infections initial dose of 500 mg capsule per day, increase up to 2000 mg per day over the course of one week. 

Side effects and precautions: 

• Olive leaf extract is entirely non toxic. 
• A temporary side effect is that taking too much too soon can make one sicker before they get better. This is due to the fact that a large number of dying microorganism e.g yeast, release a lot of toxins that the liver cannot remove efficiently. The reaction passes shortly after the dose in scaled down. 

Goldenseal

Goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis) is native to North America and was extensively used by Native Americans as an herbal medication and clothing dye. Its medicinal use is centered around it ability to soothe the mucous membranes that line the respiratory, digestive and genitourinary tracts that are inflamed due to an infection or allergy. Goldenseal is an excellent source of berberine a substance that blocks bacterial growth. 

Effective for: 

• Control disturbances in heart rhythm 
• Infection of mucous membrane 
• Lowers blood sugar and blood pressure 
• Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract 

Supplements: 

A tincture standardized to contain hydastine another of active ingredient. 

Recommended Dose: 

750-1500 mg per day 

Side effects and precautions: 

Do not use goldenseal or any other berberine containing plant for a length of time, use only short term. Prolong use causes overstimulation of the nervous system, intestinal problems and can even induce abortions.

Echinacea

Echinacea (purple coneflower) is a herb native to midwestern North America. Echinacea has been long used with proven efficacy to treat infections. German researchers put this herb up on the herbal therapy map. The portions of the plant used for medicinal purpose include the aerial portion, the whole plant including the root, and the root itself. The important constituents from a pharmacological perspective are 1) polysacchrides 2) flavonoids 3) caffeic acid derivatives 4) essential oils 5) polyacetylenes 6) alkylamides

Effective for:

• Cancer
• Common cold
• Speeds up recovery from infections
• Upper respiratory tract infections
• Vaginal yeast infections

Supplements:
Freeze-dried Echinacea powder achieves the best result. The liquid extract, freshly pressed juice and Echinacea tea are good as well.

Recommended Dose:

• Freeze-dried powdered form 325-650 mg 
• Tinctures (1:5) 3 -4 ml 
• Fluid extract (1:1) 1-2 ml 

Side effects and precautions:
Echinacea is not toxic when used at recommended doses.

Vitex (Vitex agnus castus)

Vitex is a herb also known as Chaste Tree and grows naturally in the Mediterrean countries and Asia. Vitex has been used for centuries as a tonic for general female health. It seems to nourish the pituitary gland, a control center for balancing hormonal activity. Vitex has been shown to regulate the production and release of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in particular which in turn affects ovarian follicle function and increases progesterone production. The noticeable effect of using Vitex takes about three to six month time. 

Effective for: 

• Acne 
• Menopause
• Premenstrual tension  
• Progesterone deficiency 

Supplements: 

Vitex available as a dried herb or tablets. 

Recommended Dose: 

40 mg capsule once every morning 

Side effects and precautions: 

• Side effects of using vitex are rare. 
• Vitex not recommended for use during pregnancy, breastfeeding or for those using birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy. 

Cranberry

Cranberries are the fruit of a native plant of North America. The berries are used in foods and in herbal products. Historically cranberry fruits and leaves were used to treat urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach aliments and liver problems. Recently cranberry has been used as a traditional remedy for urinary tract infections or Helicobacter pylori infections that can lead to stomach ulcer or prevent dental plaque. It is believed that some of the chemicals in cranberries keep bacteria from sticking to the cells that line the urinary tract where they can multiply. Cranberry, however, does not seem to have the ability to release bacteria which are already stuck to these cells. This may explain why cranberry is possibly effective in preventing urinary tract infections, but possibly ineffective in treating them. 

Effective for: 

• Recurrent bladder infections
• Deter kidney stone formation 
• Stomach aliments 
• Prevent dental plaque 

Supplements: 

If taking cranberry juice only unsweetened juice is recommended. Cranberry extract is also available in form of pills. 

Recommended Dose: 

6000-9000 mg of cranberry extract 

Side effects and precautions: 

Drinking cranberry juice products appears to be safe, although excessive amounts could cause gastrointestinal upset or diarrhea.

Mexican wild yam (Dioscorea villosa)

Mexican wild yam is a plant that contains a chemical called diosgenin. The root and the bulb of the plant are used to extract diosgenin. In the laboratory diosgenin is used to synthesize various steroids such as estrogen and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). However the body cannot produce estrogen or DHEA just be ingesting diosgenin. Mexican wild yam is a very good antispasmodic so it is good for relaxing muscles, soothing nerves and relieving pain. It has been long used for its benefits in women’s reproductive health.

Effective for: 

• Menstrual cramps 
• Reduce menopausal symptoms 
• Reduce PMS symptoms 

Supplements:
Mexican wild yam can be taken in capsules or in tea. The powder can be added to creams or vaginal ointments.

Recommended Dose:

• Powdered form 1g two or three times daily 
• Tinctures 2 to 3 ml three times daily 

Side effects and precautions:

• Women with hormone dependent conditions such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, cancers of the breast, ovaries or uterus should not take Mexican wild yam due to its possible estrogenic effects. 
• Not to be taken when using birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy.

Tonic for the Liver: Milk thistle

Milk thistle, a flowering plant, has been known for nearly two millennia as a herb of therapeutic value. This plant belongs to the daisy and ragweed family and is a native to the Mediterranean regions of Europe. It is also referred to as St. Mary's thistle, Marian thistle, lady's thistle and holy thistle. An extract from the fruit of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been know for protecting the liver, the body’s largest internal organ, from damage by chemicals, alcohol, and other toxins. The liver-protecting functions are due to two main actions of Milk thistle: antioxidant and protein-restoring activities. The active constituent of Milk thistle is silymarin- a flavonoid, also an antioxidant ten times more powerful than vitamin E. It fights against oxidative stress and thus inhibits inflammation of liver cells. It prevents toxic and foreign substances from penetrating liver cells by stabilizing the outer membrane of liver cells. Silymarin displaces toxins by binding to proteins and receptors on the cell membrane. Silymarin also has the ability to repair and restore the liver as it stimulates protein synthesis due to which new liver cells are able to grow. 

Extensive research over the past 30 years has shown Milk Thistle extract improves liver dysfunction in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis A, B and C. It helps a variety of liver disease such as gall bladder disease, cirrhosis, gall stones, cholestasis of pregnancy and fatty liver caused by chemical toxin damage. Silymarin has been shown repair liver damage due to indulgence in alcohol, drugs and exposure to toxic chemicals. As silymarin acts mainly on the liver and kidneys, it is an effective antidote against poisonous substances that accumulate in the liver. An interesting study done in 1983 on eighteen patients suffering from poisoning after eating deathcap mushrooms showed that silymarin, taken at a daily dose of 33 mg for every kilogram of body weight for 81.6 hours, prevented severe liver damage. Researchers concluded that silymarin is an effective remedy if administered within 48 hours after eating the mushrooms. Another study done in 1998 focused on thirty workers who had been exposed to toluene and/or xylene vapors on the job for five to twenty years. All the workers had low blood platelet counts and abnormal liver function tests. After taking silymarin for thirty days, researchers reported, the workers all showed a significant improvement in liver function tests and blood platelet counts, although dosages weren’t specified in the study’s translation. 

Milk thistle also helps a variety of other disease other than liver aliments. It helps skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Medical research also suggests that milk thistle, combined with traditional treatment, can improve diabetes. Studies have shown a decrease in blood sugar levels and an improvement in cholesterol in people with type 2 diabetes. Researchers also have found that milk thistle improved insulin resistance, a key characteristic of type 2 diabetes. By lowering LDL "bad" cholesterol levels, milk thistle may help decrease the chance of developing heart disease. Milk thistle is also effective for less serious problems such as to improve digestion and liver function. It is also effective for digestive discomfort from overeating or eating unsettling food combinations. 

In spite of a large body of evidence the U.S. Food and Drug Administration still neither recognizes nor approves of milk thistle as a food or medicine. But the German Government in 1986 approved the use of Milk thistle extract as a medicine for liver disease treatment and today it is used in large parts of Europe as the herb for liver ailments. Research today shows that milk thistle extracts appear to be safe and generally well-tolerated with negligible, if any, toxicity or adverse side effects. Milk thistle occasionally has a mild laxative effect due to increased bile flow and secretion. It may be taken long-term and may reduce the toxic side-effects of many prescription drugs. Allergic reactions are a concern as anyone with allergies to asters, daisies, artichokes, thistle or kiwi should avoid milk thistle and its constituents. Milk thistle is prepared as a concentrated extract of standardized dried herb (70% to 80%, or approximately 140 mg silymarin). Silymarin must be concentrated because it is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Recommended dosage ranges from 200 to 400 mg silymarin per day.

Potassium: Salt of Life

A thought to consider, perhaps many of your health problems could be related to simple problem: potassium deficiency? Take a look at the symptoms of potassium deficiency- anxiety, depression, insomnia, constipation, high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney stones, hyperthyroidism, arthritis, obesity, headaches, pain in the eyes, muscle spasm or fatigue, muscle tension, restless leg syndrome.

Now, let us try to understand what potassium is and how our body stays healthy with it. Unlike table salt (sodium chloride), potassium (as its chloride salt) is vital for life. Potassium is the third most abundant mineral in the body. It is present in all cells and is critical for cardiovascular and nerve function. It is a key player in regulating the transfer of nutrients in cells. Potassium is also an electrolyte, meaning it has a high participation in electrochemical activity inside our body. Lack of potassium therefore causes edema (water retention), chronic headaches and pain in the eyes. Potassium helps to regulate blood pressure and more specifically lowers blood pressure. Potassium is vital for the elimination of wastes, is a natural pain killer, promotes faster healing of cuts, bruises and other injuries. The recuperative power of potassium is amazing: for example it aids rheumatic or arthritic condition by causing acids to leave the joints thereby easing stiffness. Getting enough potassium in your diet could be very helpful in preventing and treating heart disease as well as preventing a stroke. A potassium deficiency can lead to lower urine citrate, which in turn can lead to kidney stones. Sufficient amounts of potassium in the diet may also protect you against hypoglycemia and obesity. Potassium is stored in the muscles and controls both voluntary and involuntary muscles in the body. Therefore, low potassium in the diet contributes to muscle spasms and twitches, muscle fatigue, leg cramps, and "restless leg syndrome."

Potassium does not work independently. There is a strong relationship between potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium. Maintaining a balance between these four minerals is crucial to good health. Today very often our diet contains high levels of sodium causing imbalance. An renowned nutritionist Adelle Davis  points out that people eating excessive salt (sodium chloride) excreted nine times more potassium than people with a restricted salt intake. Further human volunteers kept on diet deficient in potassium retained so much salt that they developed high blood pressure.

The daily potassium requirement of an average adult is between 3,200 and 41,00 mg per day. But today the average intake of potassium is only 1,500 to 2,100 mg  per day. According to Dr. Jane Higdon of Linus Pauling institute of Oregon State University, there is considerable evidence that a diet supplying at least 4700 mg/day of potassium is associated with decreased risk of stroke, hypertension, osteoporosis and kidney stones. Fruits and vegetable are among the richest source of dietary potassium. Banana, potatoes with skin, prune, oranges peaches, tomatoes, raisins, artichokes, lima beans, acorn squash, spinach, sunflower seeds, almonds, molasses, cantaloupe, salmon and chicken are some natural sources. That being said the alarming fact is that fruits, vegetable and grains now are being cultivated on lands that no longer contain enough of certain minerals. Thus no matter how much of them we eat today we lack minerals required for perfect health.

Dietary supplement of potassium is the best way to ensure that the body need is met. Important to note that the American FDA and the Australia AMA limits over the counter potassium supplements to 99 mg per serving. This amounts to 2.8% of the FDA’s own recommended daily allowance. Supposedly this limit is due to concern over potassium overdose. But FDA freely allows medication that deplete potassium to be sold. Drugs that deplete potassium include diuretics, laxatives, cortisone, aspirin, cardiac drugs, steroids, certain therapies used to treat advanced liver disease. While quite rare it is possible to overdose on potassium with fatal consequences. Normal route for potassium to enter body is by the way of mouth, either from food or solution made up if 100% water soluble potassium chloride dissolved, which is the safest. Healthline.com states although there is no established safe upper limit potassium toxicity appear to develop with an intake of approximately 18,000 mg and may lead to cardiac arrest. Considering this information you can see that while possible it would be very difficult to overdose

 Again it is rare and when it does occur it usually caused by underlying medical conditions. Therefore if you have any of the conditions mentioned in this article or are currently on medication it is strongly encouraged to do further research on potassium deficiency and your specific condition.

Alpha-Lipoic Acid: A Genuine All-Rounder

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is probably the most amazing nutritional supplement no one has heard of. Scientific research into ALA has exploded over the past decade. Today, ALA is recognized as the key nutritional supplement in the prevention and therapy of many chronic degenerative conditions including diabetes, obesity, heart disease, premature aging and cancer. 

ALA is a powerful anti-oxidant and is naturally produced in the human body. Anti-oxidants assist the body from oxidizing too much too quickly due to over-production of free radicals - a very common physiological phenomenon that results from stress, metabolic waste and physical exercise. Presence of free radicals in the body causes inflammation, heart disease and premature aging. The sure way to halt damage caused by free radicals is to ensure the body gets plenty of bio-available anti-oxidants. 

The power of ALA comes from it's multiple capabilities. It is not only an universal anti-oxidant but also a protector of other water-soluble and fat-soluble anti-oxidants including Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Glutathione and Coenzyme Q10. ALA is easily absorbed and transported across cell membranes. This unique quality offers protection against free radicals both inside and outside the cell, whereas other anti-oxidants only provide protection outside the cell and not inside, where a lot of key processes take place.Additionally, ALA encourages the body to convert food into energy efficiently, thus helping to prevent what we eat from being deposited as fat on the body.  ALA has also been shown to prevent cataracts of the lens of the eye. Today, humans are exposed to more toxic chemicals than at any other time in their evolution on this planet. ALA is an indispensable ally in our attempt to keep ourselves healthy in a world whose stresses and pollutants work to make us ill.  It is a powerful protector of the liver, where it fends off alcohol’s toxic effect. It is also useful as a chelating (binding) agent, helpingß to rid the body of excess copper.

ALA is of great value to someone who has either Type I or Type II diabetes and is a major treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Several studies have shown that ALA fights insulin resistance and markedly stimulates the cell’s uptake of glucose. It also protects the pancreatic cells that manufacture insulin. Thus ALA can be a valuable adjunct in treating diabetes especially for early stages of Type I diabetes where the body still manufactures some amount of insulin. In diabetic patients, excess sugar in the bloodstream can lead to nerve fiber damage. ALA helps stave off many of the repercussions of high blood sugar such as diabetic retinopathy.

Even though our bodies are capable of manufacturing ALA, we still need to get additional supply from our diet or from supplements. In nature, the richest food source of ALA is red meat, organ meats such as kidney and heart, spinach, broccoli and Brewer’s yeast. But there is a clear advantage in adding ALA supplements to our health regime. Taking a little extra ALA would prove beneficial for anyone who desires wellness and longevity. In absence of any medical problem, a dosage of 100-300 mg of ALA along with vitamin B1 is beneficial. For conditions such as obesity where in a full antioxidant response is needed to over come metabolic resistance, 300-600mg of alpha-lipoic acid is suggested. Except for rare skin reactions alpha-lipoic acid has no adverse effects and no drug interactions. People with diabetes may need to take ALA under medical supervision as the use of ALA will reduce their dependence on insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs.